- Biodiversity Law of 2008; - Law amending and supplementing a number of articles of 15 laws in the fields of agriculture and environment in 2025; - Food Safety Law of 2010, amended and supplemented in 2025; - Government Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP dated June 21, 2010 on biosafety for genetically modified organisms (GM), genetic samples and products of GM organisms; - Government Decree No. 43/2026/ND-CP dated January 26, 2026 amending and supplementing a number of articles of decrees in the field of nature conservation and biodiversity; - Circular No. 13/2013/TT-BTNMT dated June 21, 2013 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment stipulating technical procedures and economic-technical norms in the detection of GM organisms by qualitative and quantitative analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid. - Joint Circular No. 45/2015/TTLT-BNNPTNT-BKHCN dated November 23, 2015, of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) guiding labeling for pre-packaged genetically modified (GM) foods. - Circular No. 20/2012/TT-BKHCN dated November 20, 2012, of the Minister of Science and Technology providing detailed guidance on the conditions, procedures, and process for recognizing research laboratories on GM organisms; - Circular No. 21/2012/TT-BKHCN dated November 20, 2012, of the Minister of Science and Technology regulating biosafety in research and development activities on GM organisms. - Circular No. 12/2024/TT-BTC dated February 5, 2024, issued by the Minister of Finance, stipulates the fee rates, collection procedures, payment, management, and use of fees for the assessment of applications for certificates of biosafety for genetically modified organisms (GMOs). - Circular No. 225/2016/TT-BTC dated November 11, 2016, issued by the Minister of Finance, stipulates the fee rates, collection procedures, payment, management, and use of fees for the assessment of applications for certificates of eligibility for genetically modified plants as food or animal feed; supplemented and amended by Circular No. 78/2018/TT-BTC dated August 21, 2018.

Vietnam has established and implemented a relatively comprehensive legal and institutional framework to fulfill its obligations under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. The national biosafety framework includes a system of legal documents, management mechanisms, and technical guidelines regulating research, development, testing, release into the environment, import, and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for food and animal feed. At the legal level, the 2008 Biodiversity Law stipulates the principles of biosafety management for genetically modified organisms, including requirements for risk assessment, risk management, and the responsibilities of state management agencies in controlling activities related to GMOs. At the sub-legal level, the Government has issued Decree 69/2010/ND-CP regulating biosafety for genetically modified organisms, genetic samples, and products of GMOs. This Decree details the contents regarding risk assessment, biosafety certification, testing of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), import management, and monitoring of GMOs. These regulations are further updated and refined through Decree 43/2026/ND-CP, which amends and supplements several regulations related to nature conservation and biodiversity. In addition, numerous circulars from specialized ministries have been issued to guide the implementation of legal regulations on biosafety. These documents include regulations on methods for detecting GMOs using DNA analysis, regulations on labeling of GMO foods, regulations on biosafety conditions for GMO research laboratories, and procedures for accrediting laboratories serving research in this field. In addition, regulations on fees for reviewing applications for biosafety certificates and certificates confirming that genetically modified plants are suitable for food or animal feed have also been issued to support the implementation of related administrative procedures. Through the aforementioned legal documents, Vietnam has established a decision-making process for genetically modified organisms based on scientific risk assessment and dossier review by competent authorities before allowing release into the environment or commercial use. This mechanism ensures the right of the nation to review and make decisions before genetically modified organisms are imported or used, in accordance with the general obligations of member states under Article 2 of the Cartagena Protocol. Vietnam has established a system of scientific and technological organizations involved in the research, development, and biosafety assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), including research institutes, universities, key biotechnology laboratories, and specialized research facilities. To date, 13 laboratories have been recognized by the Ministry of Science and Technology as qualified to conduct research on GMOs according to legal regulations. These facilities have participated in numerous studies on gene technology, biological characterization, and provided a scientific basis for risk assessment and biosafety management. Through a network of scientific and technological organizations, scientific councils, and expert teams in various fields such as genetics, ecology, plant protection, food safety, and environment, Vietnam has gradually improved its capacity for risk assessment and biosafety management on a scientific basis, meeting the requirements for fulfilling national obligations under the Cartagena Protocol. Furthermore, biosafety management content has been integrated into many of Vietnam's national strategies, programs, and policies, including: Resolution No. 36/NQ-TW of the Politburo on the development and application of biotechnology for sustainable national development in the new context; the National Strategy on Biodiversity to 2030, vision to 2050 (Decision No. 149/QD-TTg); the Project on the Development of the Biotechnology Industry in Agriculture to 2030 (Decision No. 429/QD-TTg); and related programs and plans on biodiversity conservation, research, development, and application of biotechnology. Through this integration, requirements for risk assessment, risk management, biodiversity conservation, and the safe development and application of modern biotechnological achievements, including genetically modified organisms, have been considered in the process of formulating and implementing national development policies.Financial resources for biosafety management activities are allocated from the state budget to support policy development, dossier review, risk assessment, and information management related to genetically modified organisms. However, in the context of the rapid development of modern biotechnology, especially gene editing technologies, strengthening resources, improving professional capacity, and consolidating coordination mechanisms among relevant agencies remain necessary to ensure the effective implementation of Vietnam's obligations under the Protocol.

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety exempts genetically modified organisms (GMOs) products used in pharmaceuticals from its regulations. Vietnam adopts a similar approach to the Cartagena Protocol, whereby biosafety management of genetically modified organisms, genetic samples, and products of genetically modified organisms used in pharmaceuticals is exempt from biosafety management regulations and is governed by pharmaceutical laws. (Article 1 of Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP, amended and supplemented by Decree No. 43/2026/ND-CP).

Clause 4, Article 42 of Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP stipulates: In the case of transit transport of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products of GMOs not subject to the provisions of Clause 1 of this Article through the territory of Vietnam, the transit procedures shall be carried out in accordance with the law on foreign trade management. A regulation on licensing the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that meet the conditions for contained use in closed systems has been issued; however, as it was only promulgated in January 2026, no GMOs have yet been licensed for use under contained conditions.

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Pursuant to the Law on Biodiversity 2008, all activities involving the import of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) must be notified to and authorized by the competent authority. To implement this Law, Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP, as amended and supplemented by Decree No. 43/2026/ND-CP, requires the provision of information and the issuance of permits in the following cases: • Import for field trials: issuance of a Field Trial Permit. • Import for intentional introduction into the environment: issuance of a Biosafety Certificate. In practice, during the reporting period, these regulations were effectively implemented, specifically resulting in the issuance of one Biosafety Certificate. The consideration for granting the aforementioned licenses and certificates is based on a scientific risk assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as stipulated by law. Depending on the intended use, organizations and individuals must conduct trials or provide scientific data related to the characteristics of the GMO, its potential impact on biodiversity, the environment, and human and animal health. The application dossiers are reviewed with the participation of scientific councils and experts from relevant fields such as biotechnology, genetics, ecology, plant protection, food safety, and the environment. The results of the risk assessment, trials, and scientific evaluation serve as the basis for the competent authority to consider and make decisions on granting licenses, following the principle of prudence and in accordance with the provisions of the Cartagena Protocol. In cases where scientific information is incomplete or there are uncertainties regarding risks to biodiversity and human health, the competent authority may request additional information or postpone granting permission until sufficient scientific evidence is available to make a decision.

Provisions on the issuance of Certificates for genetically modified organisms are set out in Article 33 on the issuance, re-issuance, and revocation of Certificates confirming that GMOs are eligible for use as food and animal feed under Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP, as amended and supplemented by Decree No. 43/2026/ND-CP. Accordingly, the application dossiers, forms, as well as the procedures and processes for risk assessment and for granting such Certificates to genetically modified plant events have been specifically prescribed. Since the promulgation of Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (now the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment) has approved 60 genetically modified plant events as eligible for use as food and animal feed. Of these, 29 events have been approved since 2020. The consideration for granting the Certificate of Approval is based on a scientific assessment of each genetically modified plant event. The application dossier must provide scientific information and data on the characteristics of the gene transfer event, results of food and feed safety assessments, risk assessment studies, and other relevant documents. During the review process, the competent authority establishes food and feed safety councils with the participation of experts in the fields of biotechnology, genetics, food safety, nutrition, plant protection, environment, and related fields to assess the completeness and reliability of the scientific evidence as a basis for decision-making. If the scientific information is incomplete or there are uncertainties regarding the level of safety, the competent authority may request additional information, data, or scientific documents before considering granting approval, in accordance with the prudence principle of the Cartagena Protocol.

The revocation of Field Trial Permits, Biosafety Certificates, Certificates confirming that GMOs are eligible for use as food and animal feed, and Certificates confirming that GMOs are eligible for use in contained production shall be carried out where organizations or individuals provide false information in their application dossiers or fail to comply with the provisions set out in the aforementioned permits and certificates (Clause 6 Article 18, Clause 5 Article 23, Clause 4 Article 33, and Clause 6 Article 37a). Since the issuance of these permits and certificates, none has been revoked in accordance with the provisions of Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP.

Pursuant to Articles 32 and 33 of the Decree 69/2010/ND-CP, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that have been approved for use as food or animal feed by at least five developed countries with advanced biotechnology sectors—belonging to either the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) or the Group of Twenty (G20)—and for which no risks have been recorded in those countries, shall benefit from a reduction in processing time, with licensing timelines shortened by more than 60% compared to GMOs that have not yet been approved by at least five countries worldwide. The application of simplified mechanisms for licensed genetically modified plant events with a history of safe use has contributed to reducing administrative procedures, facilitating the import of animal feed raw materials, ensuring the supply of raw materials for domestic production, while still maintaining the requirements for risk assessment and biosafety management as stipulated by law.

Although Vietnam has not yet established specific biosafety agreements under Article 14 of the Cartagena Protocol, the following agreements contain provisions relating to sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS), technical barriers to trade (TBT), scientific and technological cooperation, plant variety protection, and areas related to biotechnology management, genetically modified organisms, and biosafety: Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP): This Agreement contains extensive commitments related to biotechnology through chapters on SPS, TBT, intellectual property, and the environment. In particular, Chapter 7 (Article 7.9) requires SPS measures to be based on scientific evidence and risk assessment, which has direct implications for the management of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and biosafety. Chapter 8 (Article 8.4) stipulates that technical regulations must not create unnecessary barriers to trade. Notably, Chapter 18 (Articles 18.37, 18.51) establishes mechanisms for the protection of patents and test data for biologics, while Chapter 20 (Article 20.13) addresses biodiversity conservation. EU–Viet Nam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA): This Agreement sets high standards for products and activities related to biotechnology. Chapter 6 (Articles 6.3, 6.7) requires SPS measures to be based on international standards (Codex, IPPC, OIE) and imposes strict control over inspection and certification processes, directly relevant to GMOs and biological traceability. Chapter 5 (Article 5.2) on TBT emphasizes transparency in technical regulations. Chapter 12 (Articles 12.27, 12.40) provides for the protection of plant varieties and pharmaceutical data, while Chapter 13 (Article 13.8) addresses biodiversity conservation and genetic resources. Viet Nam – Korea Free Trade Agreement (VKFTA): This Agreement addresses biotechnology through Chapter 5 (SPS) and Chapter 6 (TBT), emphasizing the application of international standards and enhanced transparency in technical regulations for products, including biological products. In addition, Chapter 17 (Article 17.2) on economic cooperation provides a basis for promoting cooperation in high-tech sectors, including biotechnology, through technology transfer and technical exchange. Viet Nam – Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (VJEPA): This Agreement relates to biotechnology mainly through provisions on SPS and scientific and technological cooperation. Chapter 5 (Article 50) requires SPS measures to be consistent with international standards, including those related to quarantine and biosafety. Meanwhile, Chapter 14 (Article 94) promotes cooperation in science and technology, facilitating research and development in areas such as agricultural biotechnology and biomedicine. UK–Viet Nam Free Trade Agreement (UKVFTA): This Agreement largely inherits the content of the EVFTA, thereby maintaining high standards related to biotechnology. Provisions in Chapter 6 (SPS) and Chapter 5 (TBT) continue to require transparency, a science-based approach, and consistency with international standards. Chapter 12 on intellectual property retains commitments on the protection of pharmaceutical data and patents, which are important for the biopharmaceutical sector and the research and development of biological products.

Risk assessment and risk management are specifically regulated under Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP. Accordingly, all genetically modified organisms (GMOs) imported into Viet Nam for the first time must undergo risk assessment conducted by the importing organization or individual, and be appraised by Biosafety Councils and Councils on genetically modified food and feed. For GMOs imported for intentional release into the environment, field trials under Vietnamese conditions are required in order to assess their impacts on the environment and biodiversity. Questions 55-61: From 2010 to the present, Vietnam has issued a Biosafety Certificate for one genetically modified corn event for environmental release and licensed 29 events eligible for use as food and animal feed. Correspondingly, Vietnam has conducted risk assessments for these 29 events. The information required for the risk assessment report is specifically stipulated in Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP and Circular No. 02/2014/TT-BNNMT and applies specifically to genetically modified plants. The risk assessment process for use as food and animal feed considers aspects such as: characteristics of the recipient organism, donor organism, and transferred gene; stability of the introduced genetic material; expression potential of the transferred gene; and potential for toxicity and allergens. The risk assessment evaluates the nutritional composition and biological characteristics of genetically modified plants compared to non-genetically modified controls; and the potential for adverse effects on human health, livestock, and the environment. The results of the risk assessment serve as a scientific basis for expert review boards and competent authorities to consider and make decisions on granting permits. Question 62. The Law on Biodiversity 2008 stipulates that organizations and individuals importing GMOs or genetic specimens of GMOs must obtain approval from competent state authorities. In practice, this requirement has effectively limited the import of GMOs that have not yet been approved into the market. Question 63. For genetically modified crops, Decree No. 43/2026/ND-CP provides specific provisions on the minimum duration of field trials. GMO field trials for crops include confined field trials and large-scale field trials: (a) Confined field trials are conducted under controlled and isolated conditions to ensure risk control and management. These trials must be carried out for at least two consecutive growing seasons for short-term crops, and at least one full growth cycle for long-term crops; (b) Large-scale field trials are conducted under broader ecological conditions to evaluate the impacts of GMOs. These trials must be conducted for at least one growing season for short-term crops, and at least one full growth cycle for long-term crops. Question 64. Monitoring of potential impacts of GMOs is the responsibility of licensed entities. Specifically, organizations and individuals engaged in scientific research, technological development, field trials, production, trading, import, export, transport, and storage of GMOs are responsible for: (a) Implementing risk management measures to ensure biosafety in accordance with legal requirements; (b) Promptly taking remedial measures in the event of risks and immediately reporting such incidents to the provincial People’s Committee where the risk occurs. Question 65. Pathogenic characteristics are also subject to careful consideration under Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP. For GMOs applying for a Biosafety Certificate, detailed information on the pathogenic traits of donor organisms, recipient organisms, and the origin of gene transfer vectors must be thoroughly assessed. Besides perfecting the legal framework, Vietnam has gradually strengthened its capacity for research, risk assessment, and risk management of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) through science and technology programs, international cooperation activities, and human resource training. Many research institutes, universities, and science and technology organizations have participated in research on biotechnology, biosafety assessment, and the detection and identification of GMOs, thereby providing a scientific basis for state management.

No cases of unintentional transboundary movement of living modified organisms (LMOs) were reported or detected during the reporting period. Consequently, no notification under Article 17 was required. Vietnam has not established specific notification procedures or dedicated emergency response mechanisms for unintentional transboundary movements of LMOs. As no such incidents have occurred to date, the development of specific response capacity has not been prioritized. Nevertheless, relevant authorities could coordinate under existing biosafety and environmental management frameworks should an incident occur.

Vietnam has established measures related to the safe handling, packaging, transport, identification and documentation of living modified organisms (LMOs) under its national biosafety regulatory framework. Requirements are in place for LMOs intended for contained use and for LMOs intended for direct use as food, feed or for processing (LMOs-FFP). For LMOs intended for direct use as food, feed or for processing and for LMOs intended for release into the environment, applicants are required to provide information identifying the LMO, including information on the genetic modification event and methods for its detection and identification, together with information necessary for risk assessment and regulatory review. Such information is reviewed by the competent authority as part of the authorization process. Vietnam has also established measures related to the safe handling, packaging, transport and storage of approved genetically modified crops and related products (Article 20 of Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP, as amended and supplemented by Decree No. 43/2026/ND-CP). However, implementation of Article 18 remains partial, as national regulations do not specifically require documentation stating that a shipment may contain LMOs where the identity of the LMOs is unknown, as provided under Article 18.2(a) of the Cartagena Protocol. Vietnam has established national technical standards and analytical methods for the detection and identification of genetically modified organisms, and certified laboratories are available and operational to support regulatory implementation. The country also has access to relevant resource materials, detection methods, analytical tools and certified reference materials for LMO detection and identification. Nevertheless, enforcement capacity remains limited due to the relatively small number of trained customs officers and laboratory personnel. Further capacity-building is needed, particularly in customs control, the practical application of sampling and detection procedures, and the identification of LMOs other than genetically modified plants, including genetically modified animals and microorganisms.

Viet Nam has designated the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (now the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment), and the Ministry of Science and Technology as the competent national authorities for biosafety management. Accordingly, the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment is responsible for issuing field trial permits, Biosafety Certificates, certificates confirming that genetically modified organisms are eligible for use as food and animal feed, and certificates for the use of genetically modified organisms in contained production systems. The Ministry of Science and Technology is responsible for the recognition of laboratories conducting research on genetically modified organisms. In addition, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Health participate in Biosafety Committee and Councils on genetically modified food and feed to evaluate licensing applications.

Summaries of risk assessment reports are published on the official website of the competent national authority for public consultation in accordance with legal requirements.

According to Decree No. 43/2026/ND-CP: The Ministry of Agriculture and Environment shall publicly disclose information on the issuance, re-issuance, and revocation of permits for testing genetically modified organisms on the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment's website. Within 05 working days from the date of the decision to issue a Biosafety Certificate, the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment shall publicly disclose information about the Biosafety Certificate on the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment's website. The Ministry of Agriculture and Environment shall publicly disclose information about the Confirmation Certificate on the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment's website. In practice, Vietnam updates and publicly discloses information on the national Biosafety Clearing-House (BCH) and the BCH of the Cartagena Protocol through the national focal point. The information to be published includes decisions on granting biosafety certificates, certificates confirming that genetically modified organisms are eligible for use as food and animal feed, legal regulations, national focal points, national competent authorities, and other information as required by the Cartagena Protocol.

Article 44. Confidentiality of Information on Genetically Modified Organisms 1. Organizations and individuals conducting activities related to genetically modified organisms may request the line ministry or sectoral management authority to keep information contained in their dossiers confidential. 2. Information requested to be kept confidential by organizations or individuals must be recognized by a council established by the line ministry or sectoral management authority as confidential information in accordance with the law. 3. Competent state authorities shall ensure the confidentiality of the information specified in Clause 1 of this Article. In cases where organizations or individuals are granted protection documents relating to genetically modified organisms, the confidentiality of information on genetically modified organisms shall be implemented in accordance with the laws on intellectual property.

During the period from 2020 to 2026, Viet Nam carried out limited capacity-building activities on biosafety for living modified organisms, primarily in connection with the implementation of the national regulatory framework for genetically modified crops and products derived from them. Funding for biosafety-related activities was provided mainly through national budget allocations and project-based resources. However, funding was not available on a predictable and sustained basis and was generally insufficient to address all identified capacity-building needs under the Cartagena Protocol. Viet Nam did not access GEF funding specifically for biosafety activities during the reporting period. In addition to nationally funded activities, some technical training opportunities were made available through engagement with relevant stakeholders. For example, CropLife Asia has periodically supported training workshops on risk assessment of living modified organisms, typically organized on an annual basis and involving researchers, universities, scientific experts and relevant institutions. These activities have contributed to maintaining and enhancing scientific expertise in biosafety and risk assessment. Although progress has been made in establishing the legal and institutional framework for biosafety, capacity-building activities remained limited in scope and coverage. Additional efforts are required to strengthen institutional capacity and human resources, risk assessment and risk management, public awareness and participation, sampling, detection and identification of living modified organisms, measures to address unintentional and/or illegal transboundary movements, and scientific research related to biosafety. Future capacity-building efforts should also support the development of expertise and regulatory approaches for living modified organisms other than genetically modified plants, including genetically modified animals and microorganisms, as well as strengthen technical capacity for monitoring, detection and enforcement.

Under the current regulations, all decisions relating to genetically modified organisms must be publicly disclosed on the official websites of the former Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (now the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment).

For genetically modified organisms that have been certified as eligible for use as food and animal feed, Viet Nam imports raw materials from countries that are not Parties to the Cartagena Protocol, such as Argentina, Canada, and the United States. Vietnam has signed FTA agreements with other countries, such as the CTPPP and EVFTA.

According to Decree No. 45/2022/ND-CP, Point b, Clause 5, Article 54 provides as follows: “5. A fine ranging from VND 50,000,000 to VND 70,000,000 shall be imposed for one of the following violations: (b) Illegal importation of genetically modified organisms or genetic specimens of genetically modified organisms.”

Viet Nam participates in a number of free trade agreements (FTAs) that include provisions relating to biotechnology and biosafety for genetically modified organisms. Vietnam has regulations requiring public consultation regarding the issuance of biosafety certificates and certificates confirming eligibility for use as food and animal feed.

Viet Nam has not yet established a separate legal framework specifically governing liability and compensation for genetically modified organisms. However, a number of provisions concerning the responsibilities of organizations and individuals engaged in activities related to genetically modified organisms have been stipulated in Decree No. 69/2010/ND-CP, as amended and supplemented by Decree No. 43/2026/ND-CP, as follows: Article 8. Responsibilities for Risk Management of Genetically Modified Organisms with Respect to the Environment, Biodiversity, Human Health, and Livestock 1. Organizations and individuals engaged in scientific research, technological development, field trials, production, trading, import, export, transportation, and storage of genetically modified organisms must implement risk management measures to ensure biosafety in accordance with the law. 2. In the event of a risk occurrence, organizations and individuals must promptly implement remedial measures and immediately report the incident to the provincial People’s Committee where the risk occurs. 3. Organizations and individuals failing to comply with risk management measures shall, depending on the severity of the violation, be subject to administrative sanctions, criminal liability, or compensation for damages in accordance with the law. 4. Line ministries and provincial People’s Committees are responsible for directing and organizing risk management activities and reporting to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment when risks occur. Article 20. Risk Management in Field Trials 6. Organizations granted permits for GMO field trials shall have the following responsibilities: (a) To take responsibility for risk management and monitoring during the field trial process in accordance with the granted permit, and to report incidents to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment for timely handling; (b) To bear legal responsibility if they fail to comply with the permitted conditions or cause incidents resulting in biosafety risks to the environment, biodiversity, and human health; (c) To provide complete and accurate information as required under this Decree, and updated information arising during the field trial process, to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment; (d) Where risks emerge in other countries concerning the genetically modified crop under field trial, the organization granted the field trial permit must immediately notify the testing facility in order to implement risk control measures and report the newly identified risks and corresponding control measures to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment. Article 42. Implementation Responsibilities 3. Organizations and individuals engaged in scientific research, technological development, field trials, production, trading, import, export, transportation, and storage of genetically modified organisms shall have the responsibility to: (a) Implement risk management measures to ensure biosafety in accordance with legal requirements; (b) Promptly implement remedial measures and immediately report to the provincial People’s Committee where risks occur; (c) For organizations and individuals granted certificates confirming eligibility for the use of genetically modified organisms in contained production systems, report to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment any changes in production locations, while ensuring compliance with requirements preventing the release of genetically modified organisms from contained use into the environment.